Global Summit on Toxicology and Forensic Science July 12-13, 2019 Yokohama, Japan

Forensic geoscience could also be outlined as a subdiscipline of geoscience that's involved with the appliance of geologic and wider biology info and strategies to investigations which can precede a court of law. Forensic earth science is that the study of proof with reference to minerals, oil, petroleum, and alternative materials found in or incorporated into the world (such as soil, glass, water, or fossils) that may be accustomed answer queries raised by the criminal or civic legal systems

Human and health toxicology deals with the study of the adverse effects of drugs and chemical substances on human body and health. It includes a wide range of disciplines such as Organ systems toxicity, lung toxicology etc . It’s the material medical science that deals with the structure-function relationship, human and health sways of the chemicals like PCBs etc. alternative trace parts in human nutrition and health also are assessed

Exposure of people to noxious or hazardous agents during the course of their work is used to study the risk assessment of these substances under Occupational Toxicology. Work-related exposures are studied by use of inhalation and skin exposure monitoring as well as biomarkers of exposure, susceptibility and effect, usually as part of epidemiological exposures.

Forensic toxicology is a branch of science which links Toxicology and Forensic science and it deals with the investigation of hazardous substances, environmental chemicals or poisonous products. Forensic pharmacology provides a world forum for publication of studies on poisonous substances, medication of abuse, doping agents, chemical operations agents, and their metabolisms and analyses, that area unit associated with laws and ethics.

Experimental toxicology plays a key role in the discovery of new drugs. In vivo and in-vitro studies help in bringing up the new drugs to the world. Preclinical studies of a drug will help to know the further steps to eradicate the toxic effects

Applied Toxicology is a branch of Toxicology in which technical principles and procedures are utilized, usually together with other methodical or technical disciplines to regulate the physiological effect or safety of an administered product. 

Some drugs can be toxic to certain patients because of genetic predisposition, non-selective action, or inappropriate administration of the drug. The United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) spend a significant portion of its $1 trillion budget to ensure that new drugs are not overtly or unnecessarily dangerous. Moreover, pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies spend years and millions of dollars in clinical trials to understand the safety and inherent toxicity of their drugs. Food Toxicology focuses on the analysis and toxic effects of bioactive substances as they occur in foods. 

Regulatory toxicology covers the collection, processing, and evaluation of epidemiological and experimental toxicology data to permit scientifically based decisions directed toward the protection of humans from the harmful effects of chemical substances. Moreover, this area of toxicology supports the development of standard protocols and new testing methods to continuously improve the scientific basis for decision-making processes regulatory pharmacological medicine encompasses the gathering, process and analysis of epidemiologic moreover as experimental pharmacological medicine knowledge to allow toxicologically based mostly selections directed towards the protection of health against harmful effects of chemical substances. moreover, restrictive pharmacological medicine supports the event of normal protocols and new testing strategies so as to ceaselessly improve the scientific basis for decision-making processes.

Environmental Toxicology is a branch of Toxicology which deals with the study of environmental substances and chemicals that can cause hazardous influence on health of living beings. Environmental pharmacology could be a multidisciplinary field of science involved with the study of the harmful effects of assorted chemical, biological and physical agents on living organisms. Ecotoxicology could be a subdiscipline of environmental pharmacology involved with learning the harmful effects of toxicants at the population and scheme levels.

Genetic toxicology is the study of the effects of chemical and physical agents on genetic material. It includes the study of DNA damage in living cells that causes cancer, but it also examines changes in DNA that can be inherited from one generation to the next.

Genetic toxicology explains mechanisms of heredity by providing tools to study DNA and RNA structure. It also includes Genotoxicity testing to determine if a substrate will influence genetic material or may cause cancer. Genotoxicity testing can be performed in bacterial, yeast, and mammalian cells. Genetic pharmacological medicine studies square measure conducted to assess the potential for induction of genetic mutations or body injury. Genetic toxicity testing is needed for all categories of chemicals and medicines, however its conduct will dissent from compound to compound to account for regulative necessities and selection and style of assays.

 

Forensic chemistry is the application of chemistry and its subfield, forensic toxicology, in a legal setting.

Forensic chemists use their knowledge to help law enforcement by analyzing trace evidence found at crime scenes. This evidence can include fingerprints taken from the scene and compared with the prints of suspects; and urine and blood, which are analyzed for poisons and drugs.Forensic chemistry is that the application of chemistry and its subfield, rhetorical pharmacology, during a legal setting. A rhetorical chemist will assist within the identification of unknown materials found at a criminal offense scene.Specialists during this field have a large array of strategies and instruments to assist determine unknown substances. These embrace superior liquid natural process, gas chromatography-mass spectrum analysis, atomic absorption spectrometry, Fourier remodel infrared spectrometry, and skinny layer natural process. 

Forensic biology or Forensic pathology is the study of diseases and how they affect the body. Forensic pathologists help law enforcement through autopsies; where scientists determine the cause and manner of someone's death by examining organs, blood and urine. Based on this information, the police are able to decide if they should pursue a killer or close the case because someone actually died of natural causes. Forensic pathology is an application of  medical jurisprudence

Forensic psychiatry is a sub-specialty of psychiatry and is related to criminology. It encompasses the interface between law and psychiatry. A forensic psychiatrist provides services – such as determination of competency to stand trial – to a court of law to facilitate the adjudicative process and provide treatment like medications and psychotherapy to criminals.

Forensic serology, also known as Material Science of Forensic Evidence or Forensic Physical Evidence, is the application of biology to law enforcement. The forensic biology deals with the study of serological and DNA analyses of bodily (physiological) fluids for the purpose of identification and individualization. The type of material typically examined includes, but is not limited to blood, semen, saliva, and dental pulp from victims and assailants collected at crime scenes and from articles of physical evidence. These types of physiological fluids are frequently generated during the commission of violent crimes such as homicides, rapes, assaults, and hit and run motor vehicle fatalities. The ultimate goal is to identify what type of material is present and then, through the use of DNA analysis, link that material to a specific person. Paternity tests usually are also performed by forensics serologists.Forensic medical science is that the detection, classification and study of varied bodily fluids like blood, semen, excretory product and perspiration

Forensic nursing is a specialty within the nursing field that allows medical care and the law to intersect. Forensic nursing is defined as the application of the nursing process to public or legal proceedings, and the application of forensic health care in the scientific investigation of trauma and/or death related to abuse, violence, criminal activity, liability, and accidents Forensic nursing is outlined because the application of the nursing method to public or legal proceedings, and also the application of rhetorical health care within the scientific investigation of trauma and/or death associated with abuse, violence, criminal activity, liability, and accidents

It is the application and study of insect and other arthropod biology to criminal matters. It also involves the application of the study of arthropods, including insects, arachnids, centipedes, millipedes, and crustaceans to criminal or legal cases. It is primarily associated with death investigations; however, it may also be used to detect drugs and poisons, determine the location of an incident, and find the presence and time of the infliction of wounds . Forensic zoological science is that the scientific study of the invasion of the succession pattern of arthropods with their organic process stages of various species found on the rotten cadavers throughout legal investigations. it's the applying and study of insect and alternative invertebrate biology to criminal matters.

Forensic Podiatry is a sub discipline of forensic science in which specialized podiatric knowledge including foot and lower limb anatomy, musculoskeletal function, deformities and diseases of the foot, ankle, lower extremities, and at times, the entire human body is used in the examination of foot-related evidence in the context of a criminal investigation. Forensic Podiatry has been defined as the application of sound and researched podiatry knowledge and experience in forensic investigations, to show the association of an individual with a scene of crime, or to answer any other legal question concerned with the foot or footwear that requires knowledge of the functioning foot.

Forensic Dentistry deals with the collection, evaluation and proper handling of dental evidence in order to assist law enforcement officers and in civil / criminal proceedings. The role of such an expert is to identify bodies and skeletal remains from dental records, reconstruct faces from skulls as well as connect the crime scene with whatever little evidence is available from the scene

Forensic dentistry (odontology) is a vital branch of forensic science that involves the application of dental knowledge, primarily for the identification of human remains. Forensic medical specialty is that the correct handling, examination and analysis of dental proof, which can be then given within the interest of justice. The proof which will be derived from teeth is that the age (in children) and identification of the person to whom the teeth belong. this can be done victimization dental records together with radiographs, ante-mortem (prior to death) and post-mortem (after death) images and polymer. "Forensic odontology" springs from Latin, that means a forum or wherever legal matters ar mentioned.